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welcome back

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uh we're now joined by sam

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to uh get us all to get radical

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uh sam works at the intersection of

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feminism human rights and technology

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she's currently program lead for digital

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rights watch and a privacy and

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technology specialist with salinger

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privacy

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with experience across the public

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private and not-for-profit sectors and a

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background in both politics and data

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science

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sam thinks an interdisciplinary approach

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to privacy is vital

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as former privacy director sorry as

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former program director for code like a

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girl sam is dedicated to ethics of

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technology in all its forms from gender

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equity in the tech industry to upholding

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privacy in increasingly surveillance

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obsessed world

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sam is also going to use all the time

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because it's just so much amazing

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information to cram in

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so if you have any questions please make

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a note of them and ask them in the

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hallway track after the talk

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take it away sam

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awesome thanks so much

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i'm just gonna take these out okay

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so hi um thanks so much for having me um

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and i'm so thrilled to be here so i want

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to thank you to pycon and in particular

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to snake oil academy for

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for creating this space where we can

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really nerd out about privacy and

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security it's it's um it's a really

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special thing to to have and to be able

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to participate in so

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as this slide suggests

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i'm going to be talking about privacy as

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a collective issue

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so this is one of my favorite topics and

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i'm really excited to have you here and

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to bring you along on this

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journey

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so

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as far as i see it

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as governments and companies continue to

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use technology to meet their thirst for

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surveillance protecting privacy is one

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of the key ways that we can push back

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and i think that's really really cool

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and i hope that by the end of this talk

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you think so too

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and if you already feel that way i hope

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that i leave you feeling energized and

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excited to embed really good privacy

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practices and protections into any

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projects that you might work on in the

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future

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as we'll get into a little bit later i

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think that using privacy as a tool can

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mean so much more than just meeting our

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compliance requirements

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it can also help shape the kind of

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technology that we build and in turn

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that the world that we create

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so i am coming at you from the stolen

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lands of the rwandari wararang people of

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the eastern kulin nation

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i want to acknowledge uh the sovereignty

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of these lands was never seeded and pay

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my respects to elders past present and

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emerging and to any first nations people

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who might be here today thank you so

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much for being here

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i also want to highlight that a lot of

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what i'm going to talk about today is

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about surveillance and i think it's

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really important that we keep in mind

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that surveillance has intrinsic

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connections with colonization and

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colonial policing

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and this was and continues to be about

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policing race and class

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we need to remember

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throughout this talk and whenever we

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think about privacy that aboriginal and

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torres strait islander peoples continue

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to be

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disproportionately surveillance

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surveilled and

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policed i'm also going to talk a bit

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about this idea of extractivism this you

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know obsession with collection and

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evermore collecting data and personal

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information

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this too is a concept that is rooted in

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white supremacy and capitalism and

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colonization

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so

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we should never forget that and i think

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throughout this talk it's good to keep

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that context in mind

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so today's talk is essentially my love

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letter to privacy

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privacy isn't a perfect tool it can't

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solve all of the problems in fact

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sometimes it can cause problems it can

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be a double-edged sword but i think it's

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absolutely essential if we want to build

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technology that fosters the kind of

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future that we want one that is free and

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fair and sustainable and one that

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respects people and communities rather

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than exploiting and policing them

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i am of course making a few assumptions

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here i mean maybe you want the kind of

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future

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you know depicted in some dystopian

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sci-fi novel where there is no privacy

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um and you know everyone knows

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everything about everyone at all times

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um

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but i you know i think that you being

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here indicates that you

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you know

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really wants to create a better world

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and believe that technology can be a

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really important way to to

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propel that i mean i certainly do

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but

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at the same time if we can agree that

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the current trajectory that we're on one

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which relies on

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mass data collection and surveillance

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that if we can agree that this causes

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immense harm both when it's done by

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governments as part of a broader

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surveillance and policing agenda

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or when it's done by companies as part

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of surveillance capitalism

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if we can agree that this is causing

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harm then privacy is one of the key ways

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that we can push back

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but we can't push back in any kind of

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meaningful way if we fixate on privacy

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as an individual issue we need to see it

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as a collective one

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so my goal is to get you all thinking

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about privacy maybe in a different way

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than you have before or maybe not

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what i ideally want is that you leave

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this talk feeling emboldened about

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privacy and and you know really want to

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incorporate it into your work

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rather than it being you know a burden

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or something that's limiting or you know

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the worst just a compliance tick box

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exercise

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so

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here's what i have planned um

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so let's just just dig let's just dig in

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so we've reached the dreaded portion of

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any talk on privacy where the speaker

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tries to define it and the reason it's

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dreaded is because

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it's just such

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a notoriously difficult concept to

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define

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and i think that this is one of the

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problems that we face is that in any

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discussion about privacy we're using one

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word to try to describe all different

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kinds of concepts and

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theories and

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essentially approaches to information

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management

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so when people talk about privacy it

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could really be in reference to any or

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even many of these words and others

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and i think we can agree that this is a

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massive undertaking for one word

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so

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looking here we've got you know pick out

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a few the to be led alone that's kind of

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the classic definition this idea that we

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should be free from interference

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control to be able to exercise control

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about you know where our personal

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information goes and who gets it and

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what happens and this is also tied up in

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ideas of consent and choice

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um

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self-determination dignity you know

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being able to develop one's personhood

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and personality

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secrecy is a uh in my opinion a

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problematic one

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uh privacy and secrecy often get kind of

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used interchangeably and i think it's

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honestly in my opinion one of the least

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nuanced and most problematic um ways to

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think about privacy

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uh

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bell hooks who is a renowned social

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activist and feminist once said

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open honest truth-telling individuals

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value privacy we all need spaces where

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we can be alone with our thoughts and

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feelings where we can experience healthy

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psychological autonomy and choose to

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share what we want to

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keeping secrets is usually about power

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about hiding and concealing information

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and when we think about it like this i

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would say that the government is way

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more interested in secrecy than we are

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as a collective

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um intimacy is an interesting one

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because it starts to like

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play in the space of privacy being able

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to expand and contract to be able to let

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people in so it's not just an individual

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thing it's something that we can welcome

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others into

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and of course anonymity which is not

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only really hard to say but is also i

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think worth paying a little bit more

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attention to because

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privacy and anonymity often get

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conflated and in my experience working

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as a privacy consultant this is often

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where people fall down

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so anonymity generally refers to when

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information is

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information or actions or whatever is

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kept separate from our name or other

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identifying features

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but anonymity is also really fragile

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it's really not that challenging to

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identify someone using only a few data

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points so this was shown way back in

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2000 by latanya sweeney in

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in the us who showed that 87 of

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americans could be uniquely identified

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by just their zip code gender and date

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of birth

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more recently i'm sure many of you are

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probably aware of the work that vanessa

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teague and ben rubenstein and chris

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colnaine have done at the university of

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melbourne where they exposed just how

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simple it was to re-identify individuals

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from de-identified data

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and the protection offered by an

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anonymity is really minimal when it

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comes to something like surveillance

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capitalism because frankly companies

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don't really care about our identity as

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much as they care about our profile

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and so this is where people sort of fall

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into this trap that i mentioned they you

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know in the process of

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designing um an initiative or a project

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they'll they'll say something to me like

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well

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we don't actually

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know who they are we don't collect their

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name so it's not invading privacy

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but the trouble is is that you can cause

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all kinds of harm to people without ever

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actually knowing who they are and this

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can still be an invasion of privacy

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so targeted marketing and behavioral

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advertising is

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is an example of this of using what is

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called individuation so this means that

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you know the company may not know

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who i am they may not know my name is

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sam but they know my social and

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political and economic preferences which

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is determined by the data that has been

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collected about me and the inferences

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00:10:28,959 --> 00:10:33,200
that they've made based on that data

288
00:10:31,519 --> 00:10:35,600
they use this to create essentially an

289
00:10:33,200 --> 00:10:38,240
abstract identity which is then in turn

290
00:10:35,600 --> 00:10:40,399
used to influence me to offer me highly

291
00:10:38,240 --> 00:10:42,560
personalized advertising or messaging

292
00:10:40,399 --> 00:10:44,079
which is really just a fancy form of

293
00:10:42,560 --> 00:10:45,839
manipulation

294
00:10:44,079 --> 00:10:48,079
and because all of this happens behind

295
00:10:45,839 --> 00:10:50,640
the scenes generally without people ever

296
00:10:48,079 --> 00:10:52,480
really knowing about it it curtails our

297
00:10:50,640 --> 00:10:54,399
ability to control

298
00:10:52,480 --> 00:10:55,920
the information that's out there about

299
00:10:54,399 --> 00:10:57,440
us

300
00:10:55,920 --> 00:10:58,640
these kinds of companies and data

301
00:10:57,440 --> 00:11:00,079
brokers

302
00:10:58,640 --> 00:11:02,800
you know they're not interested in who i

303
00:11:00,079 --> 00:11:05,040
am as a person they're interested in me

304
00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:07,600
as an entity that emits data that they

305
00:11:05,040 --> 00:11:09,519
can vacuum up they're interested in me

306
00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:13,120
as someone who buys things and someone

307
00:11:09,519 --> 00:11:14,640
who can be influenced to buy more things

308
00:11:13,120 --> 00:11:16,800
and when you start thinking about this

309
00:11:14,640 --> 00:11:18,720
kind of power to influence

310
00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:21,040
and how this can be used in areas other

311
00:11:18,720 --> 00:11:23,200
than in in you know commercial and

312
00:11:21,040 --> 00:11:24,959
retail spaces that's when it starts

313
00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:26,880
getting particularly scary because

314
00:11:24,959 --> 00:11:28,959
there's quite a difference between being

315
00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:29,920
influenced by a pair of shoes for

316
00:11:28,959 --> 00:11:31,760
example

317
00:11:29,920 --> 00:11:35,440
compared with being influenced to

318
00:11:31,760 --> 00:11:38,320
believe a certain political ideology or

319
00:11:35,440 --> 00:11:40,480
to be influenced to be led to believe

320
00:11:38,320 --> 00:11:42,720
particular kinds of health

321
00:11:40,480 --> 00:11:45,200
information or misinformation

322
00:11:42,720 --> 00:11:48,240
or to vote for a particular politician

323
00:11:45,200 --> 00:11:49,839
but the underlying approach is the same

324
00:11:48,240 --> 00:11:52,240
so anonymity

325
00:11:49,839 --> 00:11:56,639
while essential in lots of respects can

326
00:11:52,240 --> 00:11:58,399
create a bit of a false sense of privacy

327
00:11:56,639 --> 00:12:00,000
and so one thing is clear is that

328
00:11:58,399 --> 00:12:02,000
there's so much going on here this is

329
00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:04,639
this is so much happening and this is

330
00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:07,440
one of the troubles as i mentioned this

331
00:12:04,639 --> 00:12:10,240
wobbly non-fixed social construct that

332
00:12:07,440 --> 00:12:12,639
we call privacy that morphs and changes

333
00:12:10,240 --> 00:12:14,240
and shifts and evolves over time is

334
00:12:12,639 --> 00:12:15,920
really wobbly

335
00:12:14,240 --> 00:12:18,079
and one of the questions that i think we

336
00:12:15,920 --> 00:12:20,000
need to think about is you know should

337
00:12:18,079 --> 00:12:22,320
we narrow this down should we try to

338
00:12:20,000 --> 00:12:24,639
just focus in on one particular aspect

339
00:12:22,320 --> 00:12:27,120
of it that could be more

340
00:12:24,639 --> 00:12:28,959
regular regular regular

341
00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:31,360
regulatorable

342
00:12:28,959 --> 00:12:33,440
more easily regulated or

343
00:12:31,360 --> 00:12:34,720
should we take a more expansive view and

344
00:12:33,440 --> 00:12:36,480
this offers lots of different

345
00:12:34,720 --> 00:12:38,480
opportunities but also makes it kind of

346
00:12:36,480 --> 00:12:40,639
hard to grapple with

347
00:12:38,480 --> 00:12:42,399
um i think as you'll see i i lean

348
00:12:40,639 --> 00:12:44,639
towards expansive but

349
00:12:42,399 --> 00:12:47,279
you know that is certainly a question to

350
00:12:44,639 --> 00:12:47,279
to think about

351
00:12:47,680 --> 00:12:51,279
so i think it's worth having a look at

352
00:12:48,959 --> 00:12:54,399
some history to contextualize what i

353
00:12:51,279 --> 00:12:56,160
mean by privacy as a collective issue

354
00:12:54,399 --> 00:12:58,639
there's plenty to dig into in ancient

355
00:12:56,160 --> 00:13:00,720
history of idea about ideas of privacy

356
00:12:58,639 --> 00:13:01,519
and the personal and the political

357
00:13:00,720 --> 00:13:02,800
but

358
00:13:01,519 --> 00:13:06,000
i think that's going a little bit too

359
00:13:02,800 --> 00:13:07,839
far back for our um purposes so less to

360
00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:09,600
say that the concept of privacy has been

361
00:13:07,839 --> 00:13:11,760
around for a really long time

362
00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:14,240
but the idea of the right to privacy

363
00:13:11,760 --> 00:13:16,320
started to emerge in the late 1800s

364
00:13:14,240 --> 00:13:18,880
particularly when american lawyers

365
00:13:16,320 --> 00:13:21,360
samuel warren and louis brandeis wrote a

366
00:13:18,880 --> 00:13:22,880
famous article on the right privacy

367
00:13:21,360 --> 00:13:25,440
which they described as the right to be

368
00:13:22,880 --> 00:13:27,040
let alone so it was closely tied up in

369
00:13:25,440 --> 00:13:28,959
this idea of private property and

370
00:13:27,040 --> 00:13:31,120
ownership

371
00:13:28,959 --> 00:13:32,880
and then fast forward to the 1960s and

372
00:13:31,120 --> 00:13:34,560
alan weston published privacy and

373
00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:36,800
freedom where he described the right to

374
00:13:34,560 --> 00:13:38,079
privacy in terms of self-determination

375
00:13:36,800 --> 00:13:39,920
and

376
00:13:38,079 --> 00:13:41,760
personal autonomy

377
00:13:39,920 --> 00:13:43,600
and obviously there are lots more things

378
00:13:41,760 --> 00:13:46,160
along the way in this path but the point

379
00:13:43,600 --> 00:13:48,399
that i want to get to is that

380
00:13:46,160 --> 00:13:49,839
all of these ideas are really focused in

381
00:13:48,399 --> 00:13:53,519
on privacy

382
00:13:49,839 --> 00:13:53,519
being seen as an individual issue

383
00:13:56,079 --> 00:14:00,000
and along the way

384
00:13:58,000 --> 00:14:03,839
it has really formed this association

385
00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:03,839
with privacy and libertarianism

386
00:14:04,560 --> 00:14:08,639
of course

387
00:14:06,480 --> 00:14:11,040
so libertarianism as a refresher is a

388
00:14:08,639 --> 00:14:12,480
political philosophy which holds as the

389
00:14:11,040 --> 00:14:14,480
name suggests

390
00:14:12,480 --> 00:14:16,800
liberty as a core principle

391
00:14:14,480 --> 00:14:19,120
libertarians seek to maximize autonomy

392
00:14:16,800 --> 00:14:21,519
political freedom they emphasize freedom

393
00:14:19,120 --> 00:14:22,880
of association freedom of choice and

394
00:14:21,519 --> 00:14:24,800
individualism

395
00:14:22,880 --> 00:14:28,399
and libertarians are generally really

396
00:14:24,800 --> 00:14:29,760
skeptical of authority and state power

397
00:14:28,399 --> 00:14:31,199
so there's lots of good things in there

398
00:14:29,760 --> 00:14:32,639
and you know it's like it sounds okay

399
00:14:31,199 --> 00:14:35,600
when you put it like that

400
00:14:32,639 --> 00:14:37,199
but of course as with any ideology there

401
00:14:35,600 --> 00:14:39,519
are many schools of thought under the

402
00:14:37,199 --> 00:14:41,199
one umbrella and while libertarianism

403
00:14:39,519 --> 00:14:42,160
does have a history of association with

404
00:14:41,199 --> 00:14:44,720
the left

405
00:14:42,160 --> 00:14:46,079
over the last you know century or so

406
00:14:44,720 --> 00:14:48,639
it's really become very strongly

407
00:14:46,079 --> 00:14:50,720
associated with more right-wing politics

408
00:14:48,639 --> 00:14:52,959
with ideas of conservatism and free

409
00:14:50,720 --> 00:14:55,120
market capitalism and an emphasis on

410
00:14:52,959 --> 00:14:57,360
property rights and ownership

411
00:14:55,120 --> 00:14:59,199
and in my opinion where it falls down is

412
00:14:57,360 --> 00:15:01,519
that it centres the individual to a

413
00:14:59,199 --> 00:15:04,240
fault overlooking our collective

414
00:15:01,519 --> 00:15:07,920
interests intersectionality or the needs

415
00:15:04,240 --> 00:15:09,440
and experiences of marginalized groups

416
00:15:07,920 --> 00:15:11,120
so privacy for a really long time has

417
00:15:09,440 --> 00:15:13,680
kind of hung out in this libertarian

418
00:15:11,120 --> 00:15:16,240
club and that's not necessarily a bad

419
00:15:13,680 --> 00:15:17,839
thing but it's not the only way that we

420
00:15:16,240 --> 00:15:19,519
can think about privacy

421
00:15:17,839 --> 00:15:21,040
and personally i think that if we want

422
00:15:19,519 --> 00:15:23,600
to leverage privacy as a way to

423
00:15:21,040 --> 00:15:24,959
facilitate more positive social change

424
00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:26,800
we need to be thinking about it as a

425
00:15:24,959 --> 00:15:28,959
collective issue

426
00:15:26,800 --> 00:15:32,079
so that means instead of focusing on me

427
00:15:28,959 --> 00:15:34,399
and my data and my right to be let alone

428
00:15:32,079 --> 00:15:35,199
we frame privacy as a collective social

429
00:15:34,399 --> 00:15:37,360
good

430
00:15:35,199 --> 00:15:39,600
worthy of protection not just to protect

431
00:15:37,360 --> 00:15:42,560
ourselves as individuals but to protect

432
00:15:39,600 --> 00:15:44,240
and empower communities

433
00:15:42,560 --> 00:15:46,399
and when you think about it

434
00:15:44,240 --> 00:15:47,920
the whole argument of like well i've got

435
00:15:46,399 --> 00:15:49,040
nothing to hide so i've got nothing to

436
00:15:47,920 --> 00:15:50,560
fear

437
00:15:49,040 --> 00:15:52,000
that is squarely caught up in

438
00:15:50,560 --> 00:15:53,519
individualism

439
00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:55,279
it's not always about you as an

440
00:15:53,519 --> 00:15:58,000
individual because loss of privacy

441
00:15:55,279 --> 00:15:59,600
impacts all of us

442
00:15:58,000 --> 00:16:01,920
so thankfully we're starting to see a

443
00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:04,240
shift in the way that we uh hear about

444
00:16:01,920 --> 00:16:07,519
privacy being spoken about about it

445
00:16:04,240 --> 00:16:09,519
being framed as a public good

446
00:16:07,519 --> 00:16:11,040
so shashana zabov in the age of

447
00:16:09,519 --> 00:16:12,639
capitalism said that the belief that

448
00:16:11,040 --> 00:16:15,199
privacy is private is the most

449
00:16:12,639 --> 00:16:17,120
treacherous hallucination of them all

450
00:16:15,199 --> 00:16:19,920
and that's because

451
00:16:17,120 --> 00:16:21,440
the impact of losing privacy is shared

452
00:16:19,920 --> 00:16:24,320
so there's a number of ways that this

453
00:16:21,440 --> 00:16:25,839
can happen um so you know perhaps the

454
00:16:24,320 --> 00:16:26,880
easiest place to start is this sense

455
00:16:25,839 --> 00:16:28,560
that

456
00:16:26,880 --> 00:16:30,079
your privacy will be impacted by the

457
00:16:28,560 --> 00:16:32,079
choices of actions

458
00:16:30,079 --> 00:16:34,240
choices or actions of those around you

459
00:16:32,079 --> 00:16:35,759
so for example you might decide not to

460
00:16:34,240 --> 00:16:38,000
be on social media to protect your

461
00:16:35,759 --> 00:16:39,600
privacy but that doesn't prevent other

462
00:16:38,000 --> 00:16:41,040
people from sharing information about

463
00:16:39,600 --> 00:16:42,959
you it also doesn't prevent the

464
00:16:41,040 --> 00:16:46,480
platforms from

465
00:16:42,959 --> 00:16:48,639
tracking you around around the internet

466
00:16:46,480 --> 00:16:50,720
another example is with the increased

467
00:16:48,639 --> 00:16:52,480
use of machine learning so just by

468
00:16:50,720 --> 00:16:54,560
merely sharing characteristics with

469
00:16:52,480 --> 00:16:56,720
people who may or may not have willingly

470
00:16:54,560 --> 00:16:59,279
shared their data can result in you

471
00:16:56,720 --> 00:17:01,440
being impacted by inferences or

472
00:16:59,279 --> 00:17:03,120
decisions that's made on that data so

473
00:17:01,440 --> 00:17:04,400
that data wasn't collected about you is

474
00:17:03,120 --> 00:17:05,760
collect about other people who are

475
00:17:04,400 --> 00:17:07,520
similar to you

476
00:17:05,760 --> 00:17:08,799
but then this can play out in things

477
00:17:07,520 --> 00:17:11,360
like

478
00:17:08,799 --> 00:17:14,000
applications for home loans insurance or

479
00:17:11,360 --> 00:17:15,919
even applying for work

480
00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:18,720
and then of course possibly the biggest

481
00:17:15,919 --> 00:17:21,439
issue of all is the invasions or loss of

482
00:17:18,720 --> 00:17:23,600
privacy can have societal level impacts

483
00:17:21,439 --> 00:17:24,640
so if we take cambridge analytica as an

484
00:17:23,600 --> 00:17:26,240
example

485
00:17:24,640 --> 00:17:28,559
this shows that when privacy is

486
00:17:26,240 --> 00:17:30,240
threatened our democratic processes can

487
00:17:28,559 --> 00:17:32,000
falter

488
00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:33,440
and so all of this suggests that privacy

489
00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:35,520
is a collective

490
00:17:33,440 --> 00:17:39,120
networked good

491
00:17:35,520 --> 00:17:39,120
rather than purely individualistic

492
00:17:40,160 --> 00:17:45,120
okay so lots of talk of privacy often

493
00:17:43,039 --> 00:17:46,480
focuses on it as a state of being as

494
00:17:45,120 --> 00:17:48,720
something that we have

495
00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:51,200
you know we have it i have privacy or i

496
00:17:48,720 --> 00:17:53,039
don't have privacy it also gets very

497
00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:55,840
caught up in um

498
00:17:53,039 --> 00:17:57,360
you know theory and philosophy which you

499
00:17:55,840 --> 00:17:59,200
know we've already we've done we've done

500
00:17:57,360 --> 00:18:01,280
that portion of the talk

501
00:17:59,200 --> 00:18:03,360
but i think that there is value in

502
00:18:01,280 --> 00:18:05,520
considering considering privacy and the

503
00:18:03,360 --> 00:18:08,880
act of upholding it as something more

504
00:18:05,520 --> 00:18:10,240
active as a tool that we can use

505
00:18:08,880 --> 00:18:12,880
so we all know that governments and

506
00:18:10,240 --> 00:18:14,400
companies are busy accumulating masses

507
00:18:12,880 --> 00:18:16,720
of data including our personal

508
00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:18,799
information and as they do this the

509
00:18:16,720 --> 00:18:21,120
existing power imbalances between them

510
00:18:18,799 --> 00:18:22,640
and us grows larger

511
00:18:21,120 --> 00:18:25,120
and as more and more of our lives are

512
00:18:22,640 --> 00:18:26,960
online you know our personal life dating

513
00:18:25,120 --> 00:18:29,440
health work

514
00:18:26,960 --> 00:18:31,120
accessing essential government services

515
00:18:29,440 --> 00:18:32,960
all of these aspects of our lives are

516
00:18:31,120 --> 00:18:34,320
becoming integrated with digital

517
00:18:32,960 --> 00:18:36,400
technology

518
00:18:34,320 --> 00:18:38,240
and as this is happening the power

519
00:18:36,400 --> 00:18:40,320
shifts towards those who control the

520
00:18:38,240 --> 00:18:43,120
technological systems and those who

521
00:18:40,320 --> 00:18:45,200
collect and hold the data

522
00:18:43,120 --> 00:18:47,039
so alongside this is this sense that

523
00:18:45,200 --> 00:18:49,679
digital technology is you know treated

524
00:18:47,039 --> 00:18:51,600
like a force of nature it is inevitable

525
00:18:49,679 --> 00:18:54,799
and unstoppable

526
00:18:51,600 --> 00:18:57,120
and we as individuals and communities we

527
00:18:54,799 --> 00:18:58,559
are treated as objects that technology

528
00:18:57,120 --> 00:19:00,880
happens to

529
00:18:58,559 --> 00:19:03,440
rather than active participants with

530
00:19:00,880 --> 00:19:07,679
agency who you know have a desire to

531
00:19:03,440 --> 00:19:07,679
shape the technology and the future

532
00:19:07,760 --> 00:19:10,400
so i think that we can use privacy as a

533
00:19:09,600 --> 00:19:13,440
tool

534
00:19:10,400 --> 00:19:15,840
and as a way to examine and interrogate

535
00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:17,360
information flows which is in turn a

536
00:19:15,840 --> 00:19:18,880
good method for examining power

537
00:19:17,360 --> 00:19:20,720
structures

538
00:19:18,880 --> 00:19:22,720
so if we imagine these structures as

539
00:19:20,720 --> 00:19:24,880
something that relies on like a complex

540
00:19:22,720 --> 00:19:27,360
framework of information gathering and

541
00:19:24,880 --> 00:19:29,600
sharing i like to imagine like a

542
00:19:27,360 --> 00:19:32,240
construction of pipes pumping data

543
00:19:29,600 --> 00:19:34,320
around sucking it out of individuals and

544
00:19:32,240 --> 00:19:36,400
communities and pumping it towards

545
00:19:34,320 --> 00:19:38,799
governments and companies

546
00:19:36,400 --> 00:19:40,960
so if we look at it this way protecting

547
00:19:38,799 --> 00:19:43,679
privacy can be used as a tool to to look

548
00:19:40,960 --> 00:19:45,600
at these structures the pipes and to

549
00:19:43,679 --> 00:19:47,679
renegotiate the bounds of where the

550
00:19:45,600 --> 00:19:48,880
pipes go and what data flows through

551
00:19:47,679 --> 00:19:51,200
them

552
00:19:48,880 --> 00:19:54,640
and by prioritizing privacy protections

553
00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:57,840
we can redistribute this power in i hope

554
00:19:54,640 --> 00:19:57,840
a more distributed way

555
00:19:58,320 --> 00:20:02,159
and

556
00:19:59,200 --> 00:20:03,760
as such upholding privacy can be an act

557
00:20:02,159 --> 00:20:06,400
of resistance

558
00:20:03,760 --> 00:20:08,880
digital surveillance is highly efficient

559
00:20:06,400 --> 00:20:11,200
as a way to enforce social order it

560
00:20:08,880 --> 00:20:13,919
makes us conform it helps create a

561
00:20:11,200 --> 00:20:15,760
culture of compliance and it generates

562
00:20:13,919 --> 00:20:18,080
social consequences for any behavior

563
00:20:15,760 --> 00:20:19,919
that deviates from the norm

564
00:20:18,080 --> 00:20:21,919
protecting privacy is one way that we

565
00:20:19,919 --> 00:20:24,320
can resist this

566
00:20:21,919 --> 00:20:27,760
upholding privacy enables us to take

567
00:20:24,320 --> 00:20:29,440
some power back it enables us to see how

568
00:20:27,760 --> 00:20:30,880
governments and companies are using our

569
00:20:29,440 --> 00:20:32,640
personal information for their own

570
00:20:30,880 --> 00:20:34,640
profit or agenda

571
00:20:32,640 --> 00:20:36,720
and to say no

572
00:20:34,640 --> 00:20:39,760
to be able to maintain a level of

573
00:20:36,720 --> 00:20:41,520
autonomy and dignity in a world where

574
00:20:39,760 --> 00:20:44,000
increasingly everything is noble and

575
00:20:41,520 --> 00:20:44,000
traceable

576
00:20:44,080 --> 00:20:47,840
so many people

577
00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:50,320
lament the end of privacy like ah

578
00:20:47,840 --> 00:20:51,919
privacy is dead why bother

579
00:20:50,320 --> 00:20:53,200
why resist you know

580
00:20:51,919 --> 00:20:54,799
but it's not

581
00:20:53,200 --> 00:20:56,640
at least i don't think it is it's not

582
00:20:54,799 --> 00:20:57,919
dead in fact the ongoing moves to

583
00:20:56,640 --> 00:20:59,760
undermine it by governments and

584
00:20:57,919 --> 00:21:01,679
companies just goes to show how much it

585
00:20:59,760 --> 00:21:02,640
isn't dead and how much it threatens

586
00:21:01,679 --> 00:21:05,360
them

587
00:21:02,640 --> 00:21:07,440
so this tweet from um eva galperin was

588
00:21:05,360 --> 00:21:09,360
at the same time that the

589
00:21:07,440 --> 00:21:11,120
pegasus project came to light which was

590
00:21:09,360 --> 00:21:12,960
a coordinated surveillance effort

591
00:21:11,120 --> 00:21:14,720
between international law enforcement

592
00:21:12,960 --> 00:21:16,559
agencies and i think that it rings

593
00:21:14,720 --> 00:21:17,360
really true

594
00:21:16,559 --> 00:21:19,039
we

595
00:21:17,360 --> 00:21:20,960
really cannot succumb to privacy

596
00:21:19,039 --> 00:21:22,559
fatalism because that is exactly what

597
00:21:20,960 --> 00:21:24,640
would benefit governments and companies

598
00:21:22,559 --> 00:21:26,799
who want us to give up on it and to

599
00:21:24,640 --> 00:21:28,799
allow them to continue to exploit the

600
00:21:26,799 --> 00:21:32,799
information that they have

601
00:21:28,799 --> 00:21:32,799
protecting your privacy is how we resist

602
00:21:33,440 --> 00:21:37,919
privacy is also an essential component

603
00:21:35,360 --> 00:21:40,400
to any political movement any organizing

604
00:21:37,919 --> 00:21:42,880
any attempt to challenge the status quo

605
00:21:40,400 --> 00:21:45,280
so in this sense protecting privacy is

606
00:21:42,880 --> 00:21:46,320
both an act of resistance in and of

607
00:21:45,280 --> 00:21:48,400
itself

608
00:21:46,320 --> 00:21:50,400
as well as a tool to enable

609
00:21:48,400 --> 00:21:53,760
organizations and communities to push

610
00:21:50,400 --> 00:21:55,679
for important social progression

611
00:21:53,760 --> 00:21:57,919
if you just think about any social

612
00:21:55,679 --> 00:22:00,320
movement any you know any progression

613
00:21:57,919 --> 00:22:02,000
that we've had over the past

614
00:22:00,320 --> 00:22:03,440
you know century

615
00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:05,840
would any of that have been possible if

616
00:22:03,440 --> 00:22:07,679
they didn't have the ability to retain

617
00:22:05,840 --> 00:22:08,640
some level of privacy

618
00:22:07,679 --> 00:22:10,880
you know

619
00:22:08,640 --> 00:22:13,760
we know that

620
00:22:10,880 --> 00:22:15,120
governments do not appreciate people who

621
00:22:13,760 --> 00:22:16,880
are trying to challenge the power

622
00:22:15,120 --> 00:22:18,799
structures of the status quo it's no

623
00:22:16,880 --> 00:22:20,480
coincidence it's no coincidence that

624
00:22:18,799 --> 00:22:23,120
activists are some of the most heavily

625
00:22:20,480 --> 00:22:25,440
surveilled among us

626
00:22:23,120 --> 00:22:27,600
so protecting privacy is how we ensure

627
00:22:25,440 --> 00:22:30,640
that we maintain a healthy amount of

628
00:22:27,600 --> 00:22:32,320
political engagement and pressure

629
00:22:30,640 --> 00:22:33,840
and not only that

630
00:22:32,320 --> 00:22:35,840
but the right to privacy can enable

631
00:22:33,840 --> 00:22:38,000
other rights and freedoms for example

632
00:22:35,840 --> 00:22:39,919
did you know that the right to privacy

633
00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:42,000
is the reason that the us supreme court

634
00:22:39,919 --> 00:22:43,679
decided that prohibiting access to

635
00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:45,360
abortion and contraception was

636
00:22:43,679 --> 00:22:47,600
unconstitutional

637
00:22:45,360 --> 00:22:49,520
a pivotal moment in history of

638
00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:52,320
reproductive rights was achieved based

639
00:22:49,520 --> 00:22:53,679
on the notion of privacy

640
00:22:52,320 --> 00:22:55,360
and while there certainly is debate

641
00:22:53,679 --> 00:22:57,840
about whether or not that was the right

642
00:22:55,360 --> 00:23:00,159
you know um rationale behind the

643
00:22:57,840 --> 00:23:02,080
decision it does go to show that the

644
00:23:00,159 --> 00:23:04,880
right to privacy can really pave the way

645
00:23:02,080 --> 00:23:07,120
for social progression

646
00:23:04,880 --> 00:23:09,919
and this brings me to my next point the

647
00:23:07,120 --> 00:23:12,000
privacy can be a way to facilitate into

648
00:23:09,919 --> 00:23:14,159
intersectional harm reduction

649
00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:16,559
it should go without saying that you

650
00:23:14,159 --> 00:23:19,280
know harms caused by loss or invasion of

651
00:23:16,559 --> 00:23:21,520
privacy or privacy breaches they don't

652
00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:23,280
impact everyone equally

653
00:23:21,520 --> 00:23:25,760
systems of oppression are increasingly

654
00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:27,120
enabled by technologies using

655
00:23:25,760 --> 00:23:29,600
such as things like

656
00:23:27,120 --> 00:23:31,280
facial recognition technology or

657
00:23:29,600 --> 00:23:32,320
automated decision making machine

658
00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:34,320
learning

659
00:23:32,320 --> 00:23:35,679
and all of these require immense amounts

660
00:23:34,320 --> 00:23:37,280
of personal information in order to

661
00:23:35,679 --> 00:23:38,640
function

662
00:23:37,280 --> 00:23:41,440
and what we're seeing at the moment is

663
00:23:38,640 --> 00:23:43,440
an exacerbation of inequality amplified

664
00:23:41,440 --> 00:23:46,960
by technology which is fueled by

665
00:23:43,440 --> 00:23:49,520
invasive and extractive data practices

666
00:23:46,960 --> 00:23:50,480
so upholding privacy by limiting the

667
00:23:49,520 --> 00:23:52,799
collection

668
00:23:50,480 --> 00:23:55,360
use and storage and sharing of personal

669
00:23:52,799 --> 00:23:58,240
information is a vital part of reducing

670
00:23:55,360 --> 00:24:00,799
harm across intersections

671
00:23:58,240 --> 00:24:02,480
so let's look at a couple of examples

672
00:24:00,799 --> 00:24:03,520
just to sort of wrap a head around this

673
00:24:02,480 --> 00:24:05,200
so

674
00:24:03,520 --> 00:24:07,120
you know women have been policed and

675
00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:09,120
observed for centuries until very

676
00:24:07,120 --> 00:24:10,720
recently they were considered not to

677
00:24:09,120 --> 00:24:11,600
have any privacy at all when it comes to

678
00:24:10,720 --> 00:24:13,200
sexual

679
00:24:11,600 --> 00:24:15,360
propriety

680
00:24:13,200 --> 00:24:17,120
sex workers continue to be policed and

681
00:24:15,360 --> 00:24:19,120
surveilled more than

682
00:24:17,120 --> 00:24:21,039
most groups online and when their

683
00:24:19,120 --> 00:24:24,000
privacy is invaded it's generally not

684
00:24:21,039 --> 00:24:25,919
taken seriously by those in power

685
00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:29,919
and privacy has played a really big role

686
00:24:25,919 --> 00:24:31,279
in the history of lgbtq plus rights

687
00:24:29,919 --> 00:24:33,679
you remember how i mentioned that

688
00:24:31,279 --> 00:24:35,520
privacy helped uh in the the fight for

689
00:24:33,679 --> 00:24:37,520
reproductive rights well that same

690
00:24:35,520 --> 00:24:39,760
argument was then later used to

691
00:24:37,520 --> 00:24:41,440
decriminalize homosexual homosexuality

692
00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:43,760
in the us as well

693
00:24:41,440 --> 00:24:45,760
but it's not all good you know privacy

694
00:24:43,760 --> 00:24:48,240
invasive laws and policies have also

695
00:24:45,760 --> 00:24:50,080
been used to oppress and stigmatize

696
00:24:48,240 --> 00:24:53,840
people based on their sexuality and

697
00:24:50,080 --> 00:24:53,840
their gender expression for decades

698
00:24:54,159 --> 00:24:58,720
so as i mentioned at the very beginning

699
00:24:56,559 --> 00:25:01,120
surveillance and colonization go hand in

700
00:24:58,720 --> 00:25:02,960
hand pictured here is my friend kat who

701
00:25:01,120 --> 00:25:05,679
highlighted in a discussion about facial

702
00:25:02,960 --> 00:25:07,679
recognition technology that if we want a

703
00:25:05,679 --> 00:25:09,200
future in which aboriginal and torres

704
00:25:07,679 --> 00:25:11,760
strait islander peoples are not

705
00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:14,240
overrepresented in prisons

706
00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:16,240
then this is incompatible this reality

707
00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:17,600
is incompatible with rampant

708
00:25:16,240 --> 00:25:20,240
surveillance

709
00:25:17,600 --> 00:25:22,159
so strong privacy protections is not

710
00:25:20,240 --> 00:25:23,520
only a way to i mean it's not the only

711
00:25:22,159 --> 00:25:25,600
way to stop this from happening there's

712
00:25:23,520 --> 00:25:28,320
lots of factors at play here but it is a

713
00:25:25,600 --> 00:25:30,320
key ingredient in reducing harm caused

714
00:25:28,320 --> 00:25:32,159
by over-policing which relies on

715
00:25:30,320 --> 00:25:33,919
surveillance

716
00:25:32,159 --> 00:25:35,760
so when we consider privacy as a

717
00:25:33,919 --> 00:25:38,159
collective issue rather than just an

718
00:25:35,760 --> 00:25:39,919
individual one we can start to see how

719
00:25:38,159 --> 00:25:43,200
the impacts are so much bigger than just

720
00:25:39,919 --> 00:25:45,120
me and my data and it means we can start

721
00:25:43,200 --> 00:25:47,279
to use it as a tool to push back to

722
00:25:45,120 --> 00:25:50,240
protect communities and to look after

723
00:25:47,279 --> 00:25:53,840
one another and i think in turn to

724
00:25:50,240 --> 00:25:53,840
create a more equitable future

725
00:25:54,080 --> 00:25:57,200
but

726
00:25:54,880 --> 00:25:58,799
all of this is not without its tensions

727
00:25:57,200 --> 00:26:01,120
and a little content note i'm about to

728
00:25:58,799 --> 00:26:03,200
just mention um

729
00:26:01,120 --> 00:26:05,039
some gendered violence just just a

730
00:26:03,200 --> 00:26:08,000
little heads up if you want to if that's

731
00:26:05,039 --> 00:26:09,200
not for you today you can jump out

732
00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:10,880
um

733
00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:11,919
so i mentioned right at the beginning

734
00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:14,000
that

735
00:26:11,919 --> 00:26:16,000
uh privacy can be a double-edged sword

736
00:26:14,000 --> 00:26:18,320
and i think a prime example of that is

737
00:26:16,000 --> 00:26:20,799
in the realm of gendered and family

738
00:26:18,320 --> 00:26:22,559
violence so for a long time privacy was

739
00:26:20,799 --> 00:26:25,120
weaponized against women and gender

740
00:26:22,559 --> 00:26:27,919
diverse folks as a cover for widespread

741
00:26:25,120 --> 00:26:30,880
widespread abuse and violence you know

742
00:26:27,919 --> 00:26:33,120
keeping things behind closed doors

743
00:26:30,880 --> 00:26:34,960
but now as we're seeing a shift towards

744
00:26:33,120 --> 00:26:37,039
how we think about privacy and also

745
00:26:34,960 --> 00:26:38,400
shift in terms of our gender politics

746
00:26:37,039 --> 00:26:40,240
and our understanding

747
00:26:38,400 --> 00:26:42,400
you know modern ideas of privacy are

748
00:26:40,240 --> 00:26:44,400
certainly not a call to go back to be

749
00:26:42,400 --> 00:26:47,360
hiding abusive

750
00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:47,360
behavior from view

751
00:26:48,400 --> 00:26:51,679
and so

752
00:26:50,320 --> 00:26:53,279
what makes things a little bit more

753
00:26:51,679 --> 00:26:55,679
complicated as well is that privacy is

754
00:26:53,279 --> 00:26:57,840
absolutely vital for for many victim

755
00:26:55,679 --> 00:27:00,000
survivors and their protection so

756
00:26:57,840 --> 00:27:02,320
privacy like many things can be

757
00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:04,559
weaponized if we let it that can be a

758
00:27:02,320 --> 00:27:07,120
you know a tool for progression on the

759
00:27:04,559 --> 00:27:08,960
on the flip side so we need a liberating

760
00:27:07,120 --> 00:27:10,480
rather than a restrictive view of

761
00:27:08,960 --> 00:27:14,480
privacy

762
00:27:10,480 --> 00:27:15,840
so in net privacy sasha molotoris says

763
00:27:14,480 --> 00:27:18,960
that privacy has the potential to be

764
00:27:15,840 --> 00:27:20,480
both liberating and stifling and the

765
00:27:18,960 --> 00:27:22,799
challenge is to conceptualize more

766
00:27:20,480 --> 00:27:24,399
clearly a positive privacy that is we

767
00:27:22,799 --> 00:27:26,960
want a privacy that affords liberty

768
00:27:24,399 --> 00:27:29,360
instead of confinement we want a privacy

769
00:27:26,960 --> 00:27:31,600
in service of equity and i really i just

770
00:27:29,360 --> 00:27:33,679
think that nails that just nails it on

771
00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:35,600
the head

772
00:27:33,679 --> 00:27:37,120
so we're getting towards the end now so

773
00:27:35,600 --> 00:27:39,120
let's just quickly reflect on some of

774
00:27:37,120 --> 00:27:41,919
the kinds of uh values that are

775
00:27:39,120 --> 00:27:43,279
currently embedded in privacy invasive

776
00:27:41,919 --> 00:27:45,279
approaches

777
00:27:43,279 --> 00:27:47,440
so currently there's this huge focus on

778
00:27:45,279 --> 00:27:49,440
extractivism as i said before at the

779
00:27:47,440 --> 00:27:51,520
beginning you know this need to collect

780
00:27:49,440 --> 00:27:53,440
everything to mine and extract and

781
00:27:51,520 --> 00:27:55,919
exploit and profit

782
00:27:53,440 --> 00:27:57,760
this clearly aligns with how you know

783
00:27:55,919 --> 00:27:58,799
the environment is being exploited as

784
00:27:57,760 --> 00:28:01,200
well

785
00:27:58,799 --> 00:28:02,799
if data is the new oil then we are

786
00:28:01,200 --> 00:28:04,880
fracking people for their personal

787
00:28:02,799 --> 00:28:06,960
information

788
00:28:04,880 --> 00:28:08,880
it's also grounded in policing in

789
00:28:06,960 --> 00:28:10,640
watching and being watched and treating

790
00:28:08,880 --> 00:28:14,080
everyone as a possible suspect

791
00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:16,399
incarceral and punitive approaches

792
00:28:14,080 --> 00:28:17,840
and there is a complete lack of respect

793
00:28:16,399 --> 00:28:20,159
for boundaries

794
00:28:17,840 --> 00:28:23,039
um you know privacy invasive technology

795
00:28:20,159 --> 00:28:25,200
just storms in forces consent takes your

796
00:28:23,039 --> 00:28:26,720
personal information influences you and

797
00:28:25,200 --> 00:28:29,279
then tells you it tells you that you

798
00:28:26,720 --> 00:28:31,039
consented to it all

799
00:28:29,279 --> 00:28:33,039
so there's nothing inevitable about this

800
00:28:31,039 --> 00:28:34,960
we can change the way that things are

801
00:28:33,039 --> 00:28:36,799
going and you guessed it i think that

802
00:28:34,960 --> 00:28:38,480
upholding privacy is a collective issue

803
00:28:36,799 --> 00:28:40,320
is the way to get there

804
00:28:38,480 --> 00:28:41,760
so i've got some quotes here from adrian

805
00:28:40,320 --> 00:28:43,600
murray brown who is a writer and

806
00:28:41,760 --> 00:28:45,840
activist who i admire and she really

807
00:28:43,600 --> 00:28:47,919
emphasizes this idea of

808
00:28:45,840 --> 00:28:50,399
imagining and being creative about how

809
00:28:47,919 --> 00:28:51,840
the how we want to build futures

810
00:28:50,399 --> 00:28:54,159
so what might the world look like where

811
00:28:51,840 --> 00:28:56,159
privacy was recognized and respected and

812
00:28:54,159 --> 00:28:58,000
upheld as a collective good

813
00:28:56,159 --> 00:29:00,240
would we be able to think more radically

814
00:28:58,000 --> 00:29:02,159
about the possibilities of technology to

815
00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:04,320
build things that would not be for the

816
00:29:02,159 --> 00:29:06,799
purpose of selling things but to enrich

817
00:29:04,320 --> 00:29:09,279
and uplift the collective well-being

818
00:29:06,799 --> 00:29:11,200
would we be able to reject this idea

819
00:29:09,279 --> 00:29:14,960
that we must trade our privacy for

820
00:29:11,200 --> 00:29:16,880
safety convenience and connection

821
00:29:14,960 --> 00:29:19,120
so to wrap up i want to leave you to

822
00:29:16,880 --> 00:29:21,360
consider not just how we might use

823
00:29:19,120 --> 00:29:23,200
privacy as a tool to push back against

824
00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:25,520
current power imbalances

825
00:29:23,200 --> 00:29:27,679
but how we might use privacy

826
00:29:25,520 --> 00:29:29,279
and perceive privacy as a guiding

827
00:29:27,679 --> 00:29:31,440
principle towards creating better

828
00:29:29,279 --> 00:29:33,440
structures altogether based on something

829
00:29:31,440 --> 00:29:35,520
that isn't centered on extractivism

830
00:29:33,440 --> 00:29:37,120
policing and control

831
00:29:35,520 --> 00:29:39,679
i don't want to you know just build more

832
00:29:37,120 --> 00:29:42,240
walls with privacy to be a blocker to

833
00:29:39,679 --> 00:29:44,000
say no to technological innovation

834
00:29:42,240 --> 00:29:46,720
rather i want privacy to be seen as a

835
00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:49,279
collective good to help us imagine new

836
00:29:46,720 --> 00:29:51,200
ways of thinking about tech and data and

837
00:29:49,279 --> 00:29:53,520
how we can shape it to build a better

838
00:29:51,200 --> 00:29:55,200
future for all of us

839
00:29:53,520 --> 00:29:57,919
thank you so much for listening and

840
00:29:55,200 --> 00:29:57,919
paying attention

841
00:29:59,440 --> 00:30:03,760
thank you so much it was so good there

842
00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:07,039
are some really cool chats going on as

843
00:30:03,760 --> 00:30:09,840
well so i'm trying not to be totally off

844
00:30:07,039 --> 00:30:09,840
camera

845
00:30:10,000 --> 00:30:14,159
it's really good if you guys have any

846
00:30:11,600 --> 00:30:15,440
questions please jump into the hallway

847
00:30:14,159 --> 00:30:17,200
afterwards

848
00:30:15,440 --> 00:30:20,760
and we'll be back in about 15 minutes

849
00:30:17,200 --> 00:30:20,760
with our next talk

850
00:30:24,159 --> 00:30:26,240
you